{"id":2121,"date":"2024-09-01T15:32:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-01T13:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/?p=2121"},"modified":"2025-09-27T17:50:23","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T15:50:23","slug":"clause-3-how-to-understand-the-definition-of-creepage-distance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/clause-3-how-to-understand-the-definition-of-creepage-distance\/","title":{"rendered":"Madde 3 \u2013 \u201cS\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"s\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi: iki iletken par\u00e7a aras\u0131ndaki veya iletken par\u00e7a ile eri\u015filebilir y\u00fczey aras\u0131ndaki yal\u0131t\u0131m y\u00fczeyi boyunca en k\u0131sa mesafe.
\n
\nY\u00fckler havada y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131labilir, b\u00f6ylece bir ak\u0131m olu\u015fabilir. Tasfiyenin anlam\u0131 budur. Hi\u00e7bir malzeme tamamen yal\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan y\u00fckler asl\u0131nda yal\u0131tkan malzemenin kendisi boyunca da yay\u0131labilir. S\u0131radan A4 bask\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n iki y\u00fcz\u00fcne ve 2 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki lastik s\u0131rt\u0131 kau\u00e7uk malzemenin iki y\u00fcz\u00fcne farkl\u0131 potansiyellere sahip iki elektrot uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iki elektrot aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan ak\u0131m fark\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Y\u00fckler ayr\u0131ca yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesinin y\u00fczeyi boyunca y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde de yay\u0131labilir. Y\u00fck yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 malzemelerin y\u00fczeyi \u00fczerindeki etkisi de farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesinin y\u00fczeyine ba\u015fka maddeler (kirleticiler) ba\u011flan\u0131rsa y\u00fck yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkisi de farkl\u0131 olur. Y\u00fcklerin yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesinin y\u00fczeyi boyunca yay\u0131larak elektrik \u00e7arpmas\u0131na neden olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ka\u00e7ak mesafenin tan\u0131m\u0131 ve gereklilikleri olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Yal\u0131t\u0131m malzemesi g\u00f6vdesi boyunca y\u00fck yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, Madde 29’un ilk paragraf\u0131nda belirtilen kat\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m gerekliliklerini olu\u015fturur. Madde 29.2, ka\u00e7ak mesafe gerekliliklerini verir.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure>
\nKa\u00e7ak mesafenin tan\u0131m\u0131 IEC 60664-1:2020 standard\u0131ndan gelir. Ka\u00e7ak mesafeyi a\u00e7\u0131klamam\u0131z gerekti\u011finden IEC 60664-1:2020 standard\u0131nda \u015fekil 4 ile \u015fekil 14 aras\u0131ndaki resimleri g\u00f6stermemiz gerekmektedir. Burada okuyucular\u0131n “X mm”yi nas\u0131l belirleyeceklerini dikkatle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri gerekir. S\u00fcnme mesafesini olu\u015fturan yol \u00fczerinde oluk varsa k\u00f6pr\u00fc olu\u011fu durumu s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r. Ben \u015fahsen k\u00f6pr\u00fclemenin ana nedeninin oluk i\u00e7inde kirletici maddelerin birikmesi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bu kirleticiler \u00e7o\u011funlukla tozdur ve nemli toz daha iletkendir. Bu nedenle standard\u0131n orijinal metni kopyalan\u0131rken a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00fc\u00e7 varsay\u0131m vard\u0131r:
\u2013 Bir oluk boyunca mesafenin belirtilen X geni\u015fli\u011finden daha az oldu\u011fu durumlarda (bkz. Tablo 1), ka\u00e7ak mesafesi do\u011frudan oluk boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve olu\u011fun d\u0131\u015f hatlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmaz (bkz. \u015eekil 4).
\u2013 bir oluk boyunca mesafenin belirtilen X geni\u015fli\u011fine e\u015fit veya bundan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu durumlarda (bkz. Tablo 1), ka\u00e7ak mesafesi olu\u011fun d\u0131\u015f hatlar\u0131 boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr (bkz. \u015eekil 5);
\u2013 herhangi bir girintinin, belirtilen X geni\u015fli\u011fine e\u015fit bir uzunlu\u011fa sahip ve en elveri\u015fsiz konuma yerle\u015ftirilen bir yal\u0131t\u0131m ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131yla k\u00f6pr\u00fclendi\u011fi varsay\u0131l\u0131r (bkz. \u015eekil 6);
\u2013 Birbirine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 pozisyon alabilen par\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar ve ka\u00e7ak mesafeleri, bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n en elveri\u015fsiz konumda oldu\u011fu anda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n

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\n
\u015eekil 4 \u2013 Olu\u011fun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nDurum: S\u00f6z konusu yol, geni\u015fli\u011fi X mm’den az olan, herhangi bir derinlikte paralel veya yak\u0131nsak kenarl\u0131 bir oluk i\u00e7ermektedir.
Kural: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve ka\u00e7ak mesafesi g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi do\u011frudan oluk boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 5 – Yivin konturu<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nDurum: S\u00f6z konusu yol, herhangi bir derinlikte ve X mm’ye e\u015fit veya daha fazla paralel kenarl\u0131 bir oluk i\u00e7ermektedir.
Kural: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k “g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f hatt\u0131” mesafesidir. S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 yolu olu\u011fun d\u0131\u015f hatlar\u0131n\u0131 takip eder.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 6 \u2013 A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 olu\u011fun konturu<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nDurum: S\u00f6z konusu yol, geni\u015fli\u011fi X mm’den b\u00fcy\u00fck olan V \u015feklinde bir oluk i\u00e7ermektedir.
Kural: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k “g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f hatt\u0131” mesafesidir. S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 yolu olu\u011fun d\u0131\u015f hatlar\u0131n\u0131 takip eder ancak olu\u011fun taban\u0131n\u0131 X mm’lik bir yal\u0131t\u0131m ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131yla kaplar.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 7 – Kaburgan\u0131n konturu<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nDurum: De\u011ferlendirilen yol bir kaburga i\u00e7ermektedir.
Kural: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, kaburgan\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fczerindeki en k\u0131sa do\u011frudan hava yoludur. S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 yolu kaburgan\u0131n konturunu takip eder.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 8 \u2013 X’ten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oluklara sahip \u00e7imentosuz derz<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nDurum: S\u00f6z konusu yol, her iki taraf\u0131nda geni\u015fli\u011fi X mm’den az olan oyuklara sahip \u00e7imentosuz bir derz i\u00e7ermektedir.
Kural: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yolu, g\u00f6sterilen “g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f hatt\u0131” mesafesidir.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 9 \u2013 X’e e\u015fit veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oluklara sahip \u00e7imentosuz derz<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nDurum: S\u00f6z konusu yol, her iki tarafta X mm’ye e\u015fit veya daha geni\u015f oluklara sahip \u00e7imentosuz bir derz i\u00e7ermektedir.
Kural: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k “g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f hatt\u0131” mesafesidir. S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 yolu oluklar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f hatlar\u0131n\u0131 takip eder.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 10 \u2013 Bir taraf\u0131nda X’ten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oluk bulunan \u00e7imentosuz derz<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nDurum: S\u00f6z konusu yol, bir taraf\u0131nda X mm’den daha az geni\u015flikte bir olu\u011fa ve di\u011fer tarafta X mm’ye e\u015fit veya daha fazla geni\u015fli\u011fe sahip bir olu\u011fa sahip \u00e7imentosuz bir derz i\u00e7ermektedir.
Kural: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131 alan\u0131 g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibidir.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 11 \u2013 \u00c7imentosuz derz boyunca s\u0131zma mesafesi ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nDurum: \u00c7imentosuz derzdeki ka\u00e7ak mesafesi, \u00e7imentosuz derz \u00fczerindeki ka\u00e7ak mesafesinden daha az
bariyer ancak bariyerin \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan daha fazla.
Kural: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, bariyerin tepesinden ge\u00e7en en k\u0131sa do\u011frudan hava yoludur.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 12 \u2013 Ka\u00e7ma mesafesi ve vida ba\u015f\u0131na olan a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k X’ten fazla<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nVida ba\u015f\u0131 ile girinti duvar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluk dikkate al\u0131nacak kadar geni\u015ftir.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 13 \u2013 Ka\u00e7ak mesafe ve vida ba\u015f\u0131na olan a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k X’ten az<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nVida ba\u015f\u0131 ile girinti duvar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluk dikkate al\u0131namayacak kadar dar.
Mesafe X mm’ye e\u015fit oldu\u011funda ka\u00e7ak mesafesinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc vida ba\u015f\u0131ndan duvara kadard\u0131r.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n
\u015eekil 14 \u2013 \u0130letken y\u00fczer par\u00e7a ile ka\u00e7ak mesafesi ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\nC: iletken y\u00fczen k\u0131s\u0131m
A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k mesafedir = d<\/em> + D<\/em>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi de = d<\/em> + D<\/em>
NOT Minimum a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k i\u00e7in Tablo F.2’ye bak\u0131n d<\/em> of D<\/em>.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
G\u00fcmr\u00fckleme<\/strong><\/div>

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure><\/div>
S\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi<\/strong><\/div><\/div>
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerde belirtilen X boyutu, kirlilik derecesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi bir minimum de\u011fere sahiptir:
\n
Kirlilik derecesi<\/strong><\/td>Boyut X minimum de\u011feri<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
1<\/td>0,25 mm<\/td><\/tr>
2<\/td>1,0 mm<\/td><\/tr>
3<\/td>1,5 mm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Tablo 1 – Oluklar\u0131n boyutland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\n\u0130lgili a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k gereksinimi 3 mm’den azsa, minimum X boyutu ilgili bo\u015flu\u011fun \u00fc\u00e7te birine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.
“X mm” de\u011ferinin nas\u0131l hesaplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bir \u00f6rnek alal\u0131m. 5 mm’lik bir yol \u00f6l\u00e7erseniz ve yol \u00fczerinde bir oluk bulursan\u0131z, yukar\u0131daki tabloya g\u00f6re kirlilik derecesi 3’\u00fc varsayarak X = 1,5 mm olur (kirlilik derecesi dikkate al\u0131narak). \u00d6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz mesafe 2,7 mm ise X = 2,7 mm\/3 = 0,9 mm olur.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure>
\n\u00d6rnek 11’i ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m. Yukar\u0131daki resim IEC 60664-1:2007 versiyonundan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okuyucular resmi dikkatli bir \u015fekilde kontrol ederlerse, sadece d ve gt;X oldu\u011funda, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mesafe = d + D oldu\u011fu durumlarda do\u011fru oldu\u011funu, aksi takdirde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n D oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receklerdir. D ve d’nin hesaplama kurallar\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak \u015funu da belirtmemiz gerekiyor ki asl\u0131nda bu bir hatad\u0131r ve standard\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f bir gereklilik vermesidir. Standard\u0131n IEC 60664-1:2020 versiyonu bu hatay\u0131 d\u00fczeltmi\u015ftir.
\n
\nKa\u00e7ak mesafe kurallar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k kurallar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve madde 29’daki gereklilikler de daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Ka\u00e7ak mesafeyle ilgili olarak okuyucular\u0131n yukar\u0131daki bilgileri anlayabilmesi IEC 60335 standart serisini uygulamak i\u00e7in yeterli olacakt\u0131r diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Madde 29.2’deki ka\u00e7ak mesafesine ili\u015fkin gereksinimler, Madde 29.2’nin getirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r.
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s\u00fcr\u00fcnme mesafesi: iki iletken par\u00e7a aras\u0131ndaki veya iletken par\u00e7a ile eri\u015filebilir y\u00fczey aras\u0131ndaki yal\u0131t\u0131m y\u00fczeyi boyunca en k\u0131sa mesafe. Y\u00fckler havada y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131labilir, b\u00f6ylece bir ak\u0131m olu\u015fabilir. Tasfiyenin anlam\u0131 budur. Hi\u00e7bir malzeme tamamen yal\u0131t\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan y\u00fckler asl\u0131nda yal\u0131tkan malzemenin kendisi boyunca da yay\u0131labilir. S\u0131radan A4 bask\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n\u0131n iki y\u00fcz\u00fcne ve 2 mm kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki lastik…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[87,88,143,147],"class_list":["post-2121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-terms-and-definitions","tag-shortest-distance-in-air-between-two-conductive-parts-or-between-a-conductive-part-and-the-accessible-surface","tag-shortest-distance-along-the-surface-of-insulation-between-two-conductive-parts-or-between-a-conductive-part-and-the-accessible-surface","tag-pollution-degree","tag-protection-against-electric-shock"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.1","language":"tr","enabled_languages":["en","es","ar","de","ja","fr","ru","th","nl","it","fa","ko","pt","hi","ro","tr","vi","id","zu"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fa":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zu":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2121"}],"version-history":[{"count":38,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2256,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2121\/revisions\/2256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}