{"id":409,"date":"2024-08-07T18:09:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T16:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/?p=409"},"modified":"2025-09-27T17:50:24","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T15:50:24","slug":"clause-3-how-to-understand-the-definition-of-functional-insulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/clause-3-how-to-understand-the-definition-of-functional-insulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Madde 3 \u2013 \u201cFonksiyonel yal\u0131t\u0131m\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"fonksiyonel yal\u0131t\u0131m: yaln\u0131zca cihaz\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan, farkl\u0131 potansiyele sahip iletken par\u00e7alar aras\u0131ndaki yal\u0131t\u0131m.
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\n\u0130\u015flevsel yal\u0131t\u0131m, cihaz\u0131n i\u015flevsel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elektrikli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde farkl\u0131 potansiyellere (farkl\u0131 gerilimlere) sahip iletken par\u00e7alar bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm enerjili iletkenlerin voltaj\u0131 ayn\u0131 ise cihaz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Daha sonra farkl\u0131 iletken par\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda fonksiyonel yal\u0131t\u0131m vard\u0131r. Cihaz\u0131n anma geriliminin 220V oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fc\u00e7 hatt\u0131n\u0131n iki iletkeni (aktif tel ve n\u00f6tr tel) aras\u0131nda i\u015flevsel bir yal\u0131t\u0131m vard\u0131r; cihaz\u0131n i\u00e7indeki transformat\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan 220V’luk anma gerilimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra ayr\u0131ca bir yal\u0131t\u0131m vard\u0131r. transformat\u00f6r\u00fcn sekonder sarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n iki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f pimi aras\u0131nda bir voltaj fark\u0131 vard\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015flevsel bir yal\u0131t\u0131m da vard\u0131r, ayr\u0131ca ba\u015flatma kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn her iki ucundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma voltaj\u0131 gibi \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7inde y\u00fckseltme devresi olabilecek baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler de vard\u0131r. AC asenkron motora seri olarak ba\u011flanan gerilim, nominal gerilimden daha y\u00fcksektir. Bu durumda kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn iki ucu aras\u0131nda fonksiyonel izolasyon da mevcuttur. O zaman asl\u0131nda ayn\u0131 iletken devrede olmayan iletkenler aras\u0131nda i\u015flevsel bir yal\u0131t\u0131m oldu\u011funu bilebiliriz. Ayn\u0131 iletken devrede bile voltaj fark\u0131 olacak ve fonksiyonel izolasyon olu\u015fmaya devam edecektir.
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\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekil, PCB’nin bak\u0131r ray katman\u0131ndaki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi tipik bir i\u015flevsel yal\u0131t\u0131m resmidir, etiketlemenin kahverengi k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 canl\u0131 kablosudur (ak\u0131m sigortas\u0131 aras\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 iki kahverengi konum), mavi k\u0131s\u0131m Ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6tr teli, enerji hatt\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6tr telidir, canl\u0131 tel ve n\u00f6tr tel, iki hat aras\u0131nda voltaj fark\u0131na sahiptir, bu nedenle se\u00e7ilen bak\u0131r ray\u0131n mavi k\u0131sm\u0131, se\u00e7ilen bak\u0131r ray\u0131n kahverengi k\u0131sm\u0131na en k\u0131sa mesafedir. raylar, yani i\u015flevsel yal\u0131t\u0131m. Asl\u0131nda normal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki resimdeki devre kart\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131r ray \u00fczerindeki voltaj\u0131 bir\u00e7ok yerde ayn\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan fonksiyonel izolasyon olu\u015fumu, okuyucunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma voltaj\u0131na g\u00f6re kendi devre analizini verebilir. her par\u00e7a.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure>
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, bir AC asenkron motorun tipik sarg\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 \u015femas\u0131. \u015eekildeki kondansat\u00f6r \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kondansat\u00f6r \u00fczerindeki voltaj genellikle \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn nominal voltaj\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, nominal voltaj 220V ise, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda multimetre taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen kapasit\u00f6r \u00fczerindeki voltaj genellikle 300V’un \u00fczerindedir. \u015eu anda, e\u011fer kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn iki ucu aras\u0131ndaki fonksiyonel izolasyon de\u011ferlendirilirse, bunun 300V’un \u00fczerindeki bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma voltaj\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir, ancak ger\u00e7ek durumlarda, kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn kendisinin fonksiyonel izolasyonu genellikle yeterli de\u011fildir. kapasit\u00f6r\u00fcn terminalleri kapasit\u00f6r muhafazas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde kaps\u00fcllenmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen yer kondansat\u00f6r\u00fcn iki ucunun terminal blo\u011fudur.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure>
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi CBB61 kapasit\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcstten g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc. Paketin epoksi re\u00e7ine y\u00fczeyi boyunca kapasit\u00f6r\u00fcn her iki ucundaki kablo ba\u011flant\u0131 terminalleri aras\u0131nda fonksiyonel izolasyon i\u00e7in bir ka\u00e7ak mesafesi olu\u015fturulur.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure>
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, terminal blo\u011funun sol taraf\u0131nda canl\u0131 kablo ve sa\u011f taraf\u0131nda n\u00f6tr kablo ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izginin konumu, fonksiyonel yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n ka\u00e7ak mesafesidir (a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k burada da belirlenebilir).
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure>
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilen kal\u0131nl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc, adapt\u00f6r\u00fcn PCB \u00fczerindeki giri\u015finin canl\u0131 ve n\u00f6tr bak\u0131r hatlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki i\u015flevsel yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 temsil eder.
\n

\n\"\"
\n<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

fonksiyonel yal\u0131t\u0131m: yaln\u0131zca cihaz\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan, farkl\u0131 potansiyele sahip iletken par\u00e7alar aras\u0131ndaki yal\u0131t\u0131m. \u0130\u015flevsel yal\u0131t\u0131m, cihaz\u0131n i\u015flevsel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re ayarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elektrikli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde farkl\u0131 potansiyellere (farkl\u0131 gerilimlere) sahip iletken par\u00e7alar bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm enerjili iletkenlerin voltaj\u0131 ayn\u0131 ise cihaz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz. Daha sonra farkl\u0131 iletken par\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda fonksiyonel yal\u0131t\u0131m vard\u0131r. Cihaz\u0131n anma geriliminin 220V…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[87,88,78],"class_list":["post-409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-terms-and-definitions","tag-shortest-distance-in-air-between-two-conductive-parts-or-between-a-conductive-part-and-the-accessible-surface","tag-shortest-distance-along-the-surface-of-insulation-between-two-conductive-parts-or-between-a-conductive-part-and-the-accessible-surface","tag-insulation-between-conductive-parts-of-different-potential-which-is-necessary-only-for-the-proper-functioning-of-the-appliance"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.1","language":"tr","enabled_languages":["en","es","ar","de","ja","fr","ru","th","nl","it","fa","ko","pt","hi","ro","tr","vi","id","zu"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fa":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zu":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=409"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1891,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions\/1891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}