{"id":409,"date":"2024-08-07T18:09:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T16:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/?p=409"},"modified":"2025-09-27T17:50:24","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T15:50:24","slug":"clause-3-how-to-understand-the-definition-of-functional-insulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/clause-3-how-to-understand-the-definition-of-functional-insulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Kho\u1ea3n 3 \u2013 C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cc\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.
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\nC\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau). N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn mang \u0111i\u1ec7n trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 220V, c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n (d\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh), sau khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 220V \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p b\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1eefa hai ch\u00e2n ra c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch t\u0103ng \u00e1p b\u00ean trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1eafc n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 AC cao h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn. Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.
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\nH\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean l\u1edbp ray \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a PCB, ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u n\u00e2u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 d\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n (hai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0u n\u00e2u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n), ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u xanh lam c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, d\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u n\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean thanh ray \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau n\u00ean khi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n.
\n

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\n<\/figure>
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 AC. Khi t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean t\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 220V th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean t\u1ee5 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 300V. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 300V, tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong v\u1ecf t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n; v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\n

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\n<\/figure>
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n CBB61. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ecdc theo b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ef1a epoxy c\u1ee7a g\u00f3i.
\n

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\n<\/figure>
\nNh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 d\u00e2y mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (khe h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y).
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\n<\/figure>
\nPh\u00e9p \u0111o th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean PCB.
\n

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\n<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[87,88,78],"class_list":["post-409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-terms-and-definitions","tag-shortest-distance-in-air-between-two-conductive-parts-or-between-a-conductive-part-and-the-accessible-surface","tag-shortest-distance-along-the-surface-of-insulation-between-two-conductive-parts-or-between-a-conductive-part-and-the-accessible-surface","tag-insulation-between-conductive-parts-of-different-potential-which-is-necessary-only-for-the-proper-functioning-of-the-appliance"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.1","language":"vi","enabled_languages":["en","es","ar","de","ja","fr","ru","th","nl","it","fa","ko","pt","hi","ro","tr","vi","id","zu"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fa":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ro":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zu":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=409"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1891,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/409\/revisions\/1891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gezhi-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}