Isigaba sesi-3 – Iqondwa kanjani incazelo “yensiza yekilasi I”
umshini kagesi wesigaba I: umshini lapho ukuvikeleka kokushaqeka kukagesi kungancikile ekufakeni izinto eziyisisekelo kuphela kodwa okuhlanganisa nesexwayiso sokuphepha esengeziwe, ngokuthi izingxenye ezifinyelelekayo eziqhutshwayo zixhunywe ku-conductor yomhlaba ovikelayo kuzintambo ezingaguquki zokufakwa ngaleyo ndlela. ukuthi izingxenye ezifinyelelekayo azikwazi ukuba bukhoma uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kokufakwa okuyisisekelo
QAPHELA Lokhu kunikezwa kuhlanganisa i-conductor yomhlaba evikelayo entanjeni yokuhlinzeka.
Isibonelo: Ngokuyisisekelo, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinamagobolondo ensimbi amakhulu ziklanywe njengezinto zikagesi zeSigaba I, njengamayunithi angaphandle ama-air conditioner, ama-grill e-barbecue grills, njll. Nokho, eminye imikhiqizo yobubanzi obunamagobolondo ensimbi ingase idizayinwe njengemishini ye-Class II ngaphandle kokufakwa komhlaba.
Intambo eluhlaza okotshani eboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi iyikhondatha yaphansi noma i-conductor yomhlaba.
/*! i-elementi – v3.23.0 – 05-08-2024 */ kanye no-lt;br /
Ingabe ukwenza umhlaba kumvikela kanjani umsebenzisi wento esebenza ngogesi ekushayweni ugesi?
Uma into esetshenziswayo enekesi lensimbi (isb. i-toaster) inephutha lapho ucingo oluphilayo luthinta ikesi lensimbi, uma ikesi lensimbi lingagxiliwe, lizophila futhi noma ubani oluthintayo uzothola ukushaqeka.
Ukumelana nomzimba womuntu kuphezulu njengokungu-100000 ohms ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile futhi kungase kwehle kuze kufike ku-1000 ohm esikhumbeni esimanzi nesiphukile.
Ukumelana kwendlela yomhlaba kugcinwa kuphansi njengokungu-1 ohm. Manje uma iphutha lenzeka noma kukhona ukuvuza kwamandla, ohlelweni olunomhlaba lo msinga uzogeleza usuka kumqhubi womhlaba okungukuthi umhlaba. Kusistimu lapho kungekho ukufaka umhlaba, ukuthinta komuntu kungase kunikeze indlela yokumelana encane yokuhamba kwephutha noma ukuvuza kwamandla.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzeka nge-earthing ngokuqinisekile kuzokusindisa ekushaqisweni kukagesi.
Kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile, uma umkhiqizo ufakwe ipulaki enamaphini amathathu, ngokuvamile umshini we-Class I.
Kunamacala akhethekile amabili
Elokuqala, njengepulaki yase-UK, ngokuvamile linamaphini amathathu, elilodwa lawo lide kunamanye amabili. Leli phini elide kakhulu lisetshenziselwa ukwenza umhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi iphinikhodi yobumba ingase ishintshwe into engeyona eyensimbi. Kulokhu, into esetshenziswayo ayinazo izilinganiso ze- earthing futhi umkhiqizo awukwazi ukuchazwa njengento esetshenziswayo yekilasi I. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinikhodi isengase ibe yinsimbi, kodwa akukho ukuxhumana komhlaba ngaphakathi. Ngokufanayo, into esetshenziswayo ayikwazi ukuchazwa njengesisetshenziswa sekilasi I.
Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa le plug.
shintshanisa iphinikhodi yensimbi ngephini lepulasitiki ku-BSI-plug
shintshanisa iphinikhodi yensimbi ngephini lepulasitiki ku-BSI-plug
Okwesibili ukuthi into esetshenziswayo inezinyathelo zokusekela phansi, kodwa lesi silinganiso sokumisa sixhunywe ngokuqondile kumqhubi womhlaba ovikelayo usuka endaweni engashintshi ku-PCB. Ezinye izingxenye zezinto zikagesi, okuhlanganisa izingxenye zensimbi ezifinyeleleka kalula, uma zikhona, azixhunyiwe kunoma iyiphi i-conductor ephansi. Ngokwami, ngicabanga ukuthi isilinganiso sokumisa ku-PCB siyisisekelo esisebenzayo, hhayi isisekelo esivikelayo. Inganqunywa njengesisetshenziswa sekilasi lesi-II. Nokho, sidinga futhi ukucabangela isibopho sokwazisa abasebenzisi. Abasebenzisi banganquma kuphela izinga lokuvikela lezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokusekelwe enanini lamaphini kupulaki likagesi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubasebenzi abaningi embonini yokuhlola nokuhlola, lapho behlangabezana nalesi simo, bazophinda bachaze idivayisi njengento esetshenziswayo yekilasi I. Ngakho-ke, ekuhloleni nasekuhluleleni kwangempela, ukwahlulela le divayisi njengesisetshenziswa sekilasi I kungagwema izingozi ezithile zokuphepha okungezona zomkhiqizo. Umdwebo wesifunda oboniswe ngezansi ubonisa lesi sakhiwo esiyisisekelo esisebenzayo.
i-insulation eyisisekelo ye-creepage kanye ne- clearance ekilasini I-appliance
umugqa obomvu ubonisa ukungena kwe-basic insulation. Ibanga le-Creepage lidlula kumkhono wokunciphisa ukushisa we-insulation lug kanye nohlangothi lwebhulokhi yetheminali
umugqa obomvu ubonisa ukucaciswa kokufakwa okuyisisekelo
red line shows the creepage of basic insulation. creepage distance is through the insulation heat shrink sleeve of the terminal lug and the side of the terminal block
red line shows the clearance of basic insulation
QAPHELA Lokhu kunikezwa kuhlanganisa i-conductor yomhlaba evikelayo entanjeni yokuhlinzeka.
Isibonelo: Ngokuyisisekelo, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinamagobolondo ensimbi amakhulu ziklanywe njengezinto zikagesi zeSigaba I, njengamayunithi angaphandle ama-air conditioner, ama-grill e-barbecue grills, njll. Nokho, eminye imikhiqizo yobubanzi obunamagobolondo ensimbi ingase idizayinwe njengemishini ye-Class II ngaphandle kokufakwa komhlaba.
Intambo eluhlaza okotshani eboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi iyikhondatha yaphansi noma i-conductor yomhlaba.
/*! i-elementi – v3.23.0 – 05-08-2024 */ kanye no-lt;br /
Ingabe ukwenza umhlaba kumvikela kanjani umsebenzisi wento esebenza ngogesi ekushayweni ugesi?
Uma into esetshenziswayo enekesi lensimbi (isb. i-toaster) inephutha lapho ucingo oluphilayo luthinta ikesi lensimbi, uma ikesi lensimbi lingagxiliwe, lizophila futhi noma ubani oluthintayo uzothola ukushaqeka.
Ukumelana nomzimba womuntu kuphezulu njengokungu-100000 ohms ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile futhi kungase kwehle kuze kufike ku-1000 ohm esikhumbeni esimanzi nesiphukile.
Ukumelana kwendlela yomhlaba kugcinwa kuphansi njengokungu-1 ohm. Manje uma iphutha lenzeka noma kukhona ukuvuza kwamandla, ohlelweni olunomhlaba lo msinga uzogeleza usuka kumqhubi womhlaba okungukuthi umhlaba. Kusistimu lapho kungekho ukufaka umhlaba, ukuthinta komuntu kungase kunikeze indlela yokumelana encane yokuhamba kwephutha noma ukuvuza kwamandla.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzeka nge-earthing ngokuqinisekile kuzokusindisa ekushaqisweni kukagesi.
Kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile, uma umkhiqizo ufakwe ipulaki enamaphini amathathu, ngokuvamile umshini we-Class I.
Kunamacala akhethekile amabili
Elokuqala, njengepulaki yase-UK, ngokuvamile linamaphini amathathu, elilodwa lawo lide kunamanye amabili. Leli phini elide kakhulu lisetshenziselwa ukwenza umhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi iphinikhodi yobumba ingase ishintshwe into engeyona eyensimbi. Kulokhu, into esetshenziswayo ayinazo izilinganiso ze- earthing futhi umkhiqizo awukwazi ukuchazwa njengento esetshenziswayo yekilasi I. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinikhodi isengase ibe yinsimbi, kodwa akukho ukuxhumana komhlaba ngaphakathi. Ngokufanayo, into esetshenziswayo ayikwazi ukuchazwa njengesisetshenziswa sekilasi I.
Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa le plug.
shintshanisa iphinikhodi yensimbi ngephini lepulasitiki ku-BSI-plug
shintshanisa iphinikhodi yensimbi ngephini lepulasitiki ku-BSI-plug
umugqa obomvu ubonisa ukungena kwe-basic insulation. Ibanga le-Creepage lidlula kumkhono wokunciphisa ukushisa we-insulation lug kanye nohlangothi lwebhulokhi yetheminali
umugqa obomvu ubonisa ukucaciswa kokufakwa okuyisisekelo