Isigaba sesi-3 – Iqondwa kanjani incazelo ye-“functional insulation”
i-functional insulation: ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezingxenye ze-conductive zamandla ahlukene okudingeka kuphela ekusebenzeni kahle komshini.
I-insulation esebenzayo isethwe ngenxa yezidingo zokusebenza zomshini. Emikhiqizweni kagesi, kufanele kube nezingxenye ze-conductive ezinamandla ahlukene (ama-voltage ahlukene). Uma i-voltage yawo wonke ama-conductor anamandla emkhiqizweni iyafana, into esetshenziswayo ayikwazi ukusebenza. Khona-ke, kukhona ukufakwa okusebenzayo phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene ze-conductive. Uma sicabanga ukuthi i-voltage elinganiselwe yento esebenza ngogesi ingu-220V, kukhona ukwahlukanisa okusebenzayo phakathi kwamakhondatha amabili entambo kagesi (intambo ephilayo nentambo engathathi hlangothi), ngemuva kokuthi i-voltage elinganiselwe engu-220V yehliswe yi-transformer ngaphakathi kumshini, kukhona futhi. umehluko we-voltage phakathi kwezikhonkwane ezimbili eziphumayo ze-winding yesibili ye-transformer, ngakho-ke kukhona futhi ukufakwa okusebenzayo, kukhona neminye imikhiqizo engase ibe ne-boost circuit ngaphakathi komkhiqizo, njenge-voltage yokusebenza kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-capacitor yokuqala. exhunywe ngochungechunge ku-AC asynchronous motor iphakeme kune-voltage elinganiselwe. Kulokhu, kukhona futhi ukufakwa okusebenzayo phakathi kweziphetho ezimbili ze-capacitor. Khona-ke singakwazi ngempela ukuthi kukhona ukufakwa okusebenzayo phakathi kwama-conductor angekho kusekethe efanayo yokuhambisa. Ngisho nakusekhethi ye-conductive efanayo, kuzoba nomehluko we-voltage, futhi ukwahlukanisa okusebenzayo kusazokwakhiwa.
Isithombe esingezansi yisithombe esijwayelekile sokuvala umsebenzi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni osesigabeni se-copper se-PCB, ingxenye ensundu yelebula intambo yamandla ebukhoma (izindawo ezimbili ezinsundu ezixhunywe phakathi kwe-fuse yamanje), ingxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. yokuxhuma izintambo ezimaphakathi zolayini wamandla, intambo ephilayo kanye nentambo emaphakathi inomehluko kagesi phakathi kwemigqa emibili, ngakho ingxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kajantshi wethusi okhethiwe ukuya engxenyeni ensundu kajantshi wethusi okhethiwe webanga elifushane kakhulu phakathi. ama-rails, okungukuthi, i-insulation esebenzayo. Eqinisweni, ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile, ibhodi lesifunda esithombeni esingezansi, i-voltage kumzila wethusi, ezindaweni eziningi azifani, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kokufakwa kwe-functional insulation, umfundi anganikeza ukuhlaziya kwesifunda sabo nge-voltage yokusebenza ingxenye ngayinye.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi, umdwebo ojwayelekile woxhumano olumazombezombe wenjini ye-AC asynchronous. Lapho i-capacitor esithombeni isebenza, i-voltage ngaphesheya kwe-capacitor ngokuvamile iphakeme kune-voltage elinganiselwe yomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, uma i-voltage elinganiselwe ingu-220V, i-voltage kuyo yonke i-capacitor elinganiswa nge-multimeter ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuvamile iba ngaphezu kuka-300V. Ngalesi sikhathi, uma ukufakwa okusebenzayo phakathi kweziphetho ezimbili ze-capacitor kuhlolwa, kuyadingeka ukuyihlola ngokusekelwe ku-voltage esebenzayo engaphezu kuka-300V, noma kunjalo, ezimweni zangempela, ukufakwa okusebenzayo kwe-capacitor ngokwayo ngokuvamile akukona. kulinganiswa ngoba amatheminali e-capacitor ahlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwe-capacitor casing; indawo engalinganiswa ibhulokhi yetheminali yemikhondo emibili ye-capacitor.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi, ukubuka okuphezulu kwe-CBB61 capacitor. Ibanga elinyakazayo le-insulation yokusebenza liyakhiwa phakathi kwamatheminali ethebhu yezintambo kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-capacitor eduze kwendawo ye-epoxy resin yephakheji.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, ibhulokhi yetheminali inentambo ebukhoma exhunywe kwesokunxele kanye nentambo emaphakathi exhunywe kwesokudla. Ukuma komugqa obomvu yibanga elikhuphukayo le-insulation yokusebenza (imvume inganqunywa lapha).
Isilinganiso se-caliper esivezwe emfanekisweni ongezansi simele ukwahlukanisa okusebenzayo phakathi kwamathrekhi ethusi abukhoma namaphakathi okokufaka kwe-adaptha ku-PCB.
I-insulation esebenzayo isethwe ngenxa yezidingo zokusebenza zomshini. Emikhiqizweni kagesi, kufanele kube nezingxenye ze-conductive ezinamandla ahlukene (ama-voltage ahlukene). Uma i-voltage yawo wonke ama-conductor anamandla emkhiqizweni iyafana, into esetshenziswayo ayikwazi ukusebenza. Khona-ke, kukhona ukufakwa okusebenzayo phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene ze-conductive. Uma sicabanga ukuthi i-voltage elinganiselwe yento esebenza ngogesi ingu-220V, kukhona ukwahlukanisa okusebenzayo phakathi kwamakhondatha amabili entambo kagesi (intambo ephilayo nentambo engathathi hlangothi), ngemuva kokuthi i-voltage elinganiselwe engu-220V yehliswe yi-transformer ngaphakathi kumshini, kukhona futhi. umehluko we-voltage phakathi kwezikhonkwane ezimbili eziphumayo ze-winding yesibili ye-transformer, ngakho-ke kukhona futhi ukufakwa okusebenzayo, kukhona neminye imikhiqizo engase ibe ne-boost circuit ngaphakathi komkhiqizo, njenge-voltage yokusebenza kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-capacitor yokuqala. exhunywe ngochungechunge ku-AC asynchronous motor iphakeme kune-voltage elinganiselwe. Kulokhu, kukhona futhi ukufakwa okusebenzayo phakathi kweziphetho ezimbili ze-capacitor. Khona-ke singakwazi ngempela ukuthi kukhona ukufakwa okusebenzayo phakathi kwama-conductor angekho kusekethe efanayo yokuhambisa. Ngisho nakusekhethi ye-conductive efanayo, kuzoba nomehluko we-voltage, futhi ukwahlukanisa okusebenzayo kusazokwakhiwa.
Isithombe esingezansi yisithombe esijwayelekile sokuvala umsebenzi, njengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni osesigabeni se-copper se-PCB, ingxenye ensundu yelebula intambo yamandla ebukhoma (izindawo ezimbili ezinsundu ezixhunywe phakathi kwe-fuse yamanje), ingxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. yokuxhuma izintambo ezimaphakathi zolayini wamandla, intambo ephilayo kanye nentambo emaphakathi inomehluko kagesi phakathi kwemigqa emibili, ngakho ingxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kajantshi wethusi okhethiwe ukuya engxenyeni ensundu kajantshi wethusi okhethiwe webanga elifushane kakhulu phakathi. ama-rails, okungukuthi, i-insulation esebenzayo. Eqinisweni, ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile, ibhodi lesifunda esithombeni esingezansi, i-voltage kumzila wethusi, ezindaweni eziningi azifani, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kokufakwa kwe-functional insulation, umfundi anganikeza ukuhlaziya kwesifunda sabo nge-voltage yokusebenza ingxenye ngayinye.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi, umdwebo ojwayelekile woxhumano olumazombezombe wenjini ye-AC asynchronous. Lapho i-capacitor esithombeni isebenza, i-voltage ngaphesheya kwe-capacitor ngokuvamile iphakeme kune-voltage elinganiselwe yomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, uma i-voltage elinganiselwe ingu-220V, i-voltage kuyo yonke i-capacitor elinganiswa nge-multimeter ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuvamile iba ngaphezu kuka-300V. Ngalesi sikhathi, uma ukufakwa okusebenzayo phakathi kweziphetho ezimbili ze-capacitor kuhlolwa, kuyadingeka ukuyihlola ngokusekelwe ku-voltage esebenzayo engaphezu kuka-300V, noma kunjalo, ezimweni zangempela, ukufakwa okusebenzayo kwe-capacitor ngokwayo ngokuvamile akukona. kulinganiswa ngoba amatheminali e-capacitor ahlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwe-capacitor casing; indawo engalinganiswa ibhulokhi yetheminali yemikhondo emibili ye-capacitor.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi, ukubuka okuphezulu kwe-CBB61 capacitor. Ibanga elinyakazayo le-insulation yokusebenza liyakhiwa phakathi kwamatheminali ethebhu yezintambo kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-capacitor eduze kwendawo ye-epoxy resin yephakheji.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, ibhulokhi yetheminali inentambo ebukhoma exhunywe kwesokunxele kanye nentambo emaphakathi exhunywe kwesokudla. Ukuma komugqa obomvu yibanga elikhuphukayo le-insulation yokusebenza (imvume inganqunywa lapha).
Isilinganiso se-caliper esivezwe emfanekisweni ongezansi simele ukwahlukanisa okusebenzayo phakathi kwamathrekhi ethusi abukhoma namaphakathi okokufaka kwe-adaptha ku-PCB.