Clause 3 – How to understand the definition of “PTC heating element”

PTC heating element: element intended for heating consisting mainly of positive temperature coefficient resistors that are thermally sensitive and have a rapid non-linear increase in resistance when the temperature is raised through a particular range.

As the temperature increases, the resistance of the heating element of the PTC heating element increases. The relationship between temperature and resistance is positively correlated.
PTC heating element is widely used in household appliances, such as hairdryers, electric blankets, electric irons, air conditioners, hot air curtains, dehumidifiers, dryers, clothes dryers, room heaters and other devices that need to provide warm air, which utilize the autostatic characteristic of the PTC element for heating.


He has some of the following characteristics

  1. automatic constant temperature: PTC heating element can automatically adjust the power output according to the changes in ambient temperature to maintain a constant temperature without additional temperature control devices.
  2. Safe and stable: PTC material has strong high temperature resistance and can maintain constant temperature at the set temperature, which is safe and reliable and reduces the risk of overheating.
  3. long life, no noise: because there is no mechanical wear and tear or arc generation, PTC heating element will not produce noise, and long service life.
  4. Rapid temperature rise: PTC material has excellent thermal conductivity, which can quickly reach the working temperature and improve the heating efficiency.
  5. High thermal efficiency: PTC heating element has high thermal efficiency, which can effectively convert electrical energy into heat energy and reduce energy loss.
  6. Wide voltage range: PTC heating element can work in a wide range of voltage, from 12V to 380V can be designed according to the need.
  7. Flexible design: PTC heating elements can be designed into different power and shape as needed to suit different applications.
  8. Non-combustible, safe and reliable: PTC heating elements do not produce open flame when working, reducing the risk of combustion and fire.
  9. Self-control of temperature in case of fan failure: In applications requiring fan cooling, if the fan stops working, the power of the PTC heating element will be automatically reduced to prevent overheating.
  10. Energy saving and environmental protection: PTC heating element can automatically adjust the power according to the ambient temperature to optimize power consumption and achieve energy saving.
  11. Small impact of changes in operating voltage: even if the operating voltage changes are large, the surface temperature of the PTC heating element changes are very small.
  12. more PTC heating elements used together, should be connected in parallel, not in series: to ensure that each element can be independently controlled and regulated.
  13. Different heat dissipation conditions make the heating power of the PTC heating element varies greatly: the faster the heat dissipation is stabilized, the greater the power; PTC surface temperature is higher, the higher the power.
  14. The surface temperature of the PTC heating element is controlled by the PTC itself: it can also be controlled by disconnecting the circuit, but not by regulating the voltage to control the surface temperature.
    PTC heating element mainly consists of three parts, ceramic heating element, heat sink, and conductive glue, but in the regular case, insulating structural glue will be used. In the case of a PTC heating element with a heat sink structure, there are usually two structures. (Here we will not discuss the PTC heating element without heatsink structure, because its power is very small).
    The first one will wrap the ceramic heating element with high-temperature insulating paper, and then the outer layer of the high-temperature insulating paper will include the aluminum shell, and then the heat sink will be glued to the two sides of the aluminum shell. As shown in the picture below.

The PTC heating element consists of three main parts, the ceramic heating element, the heat sink, and the conductive glue, but in the regular case, an insulating structural glue is used. In case of PTC heating element with heat sink structure, there are usually two structures. (Here we will not discuss the PTC heating element without heatsink structure, because its power is very small).
The first one will wrap the high temperature insulation paper on the ceramic heating element, then wrap the aluminum shell on the outer layer of the high temperature insulation paper, and then the heat sink will be glued on both sides of the aluminum shell. As shown in the picture below.

The second structure will be the heatsink and ceramic heating element through the conductive glue directly bonded together, if there is a gap between the heatsink, the gap may be filled with insulating structural adhesive. As shown in the figure below

ceramic heating element
Wire connect diagram

The parts indicated by the green arrows are the disassembled heat sinks, and the location selected by the red circle is the structural adhesive, which is insulating and whose main purpose is to connect the heat sinks and fill the gap between the two heat sinks, making the overall structure of the PTC heating element solid. The position indicated by the black arrow in the center is the heating unit. It is a conductor made of ceramic, the higher the temperature, the higher the resistance. The two large surfaces of the heating element are coated with a conductive glue to connect and fix it to the heat sink.

terminal position view

Similar Posts

  • Clause 3 – How to understand the definition of “built-in appliance”

    built-in appliance: fixed appliance intended to be installed in a cabinet, in a prepared recess in a wall or in a similar location. Here, because the appliance must be installed in a reserved position (usually a cubic space with only one side open), it is a fixed installation and can be regarded as a fixed…

  • |

    Clause 3 – How to understand the definition of “room temperature”

    room temperature: ambient temperature specified in the general conditions for the tests.Note 1 to entry: The ambient temperature is specified in 5.7. This item comes from standard IEC 60335-1:2020 edition 6.0. In commented version (CMV) of the official standard IEC 60335-1:2020 edition 6.0 allows the user to identify the changes made to the previous edition…

  • Clause 3 – How to understand the definition of “thermal cut-out”

    thermal-cut-out: device which during abnormal operation limits the temperature of the controlled part by automatically opening the circuit, or by reducing the current, and is constructed so that its setting cannot be altered by the user. There are three key provisions here. First, the thermal cut-out is a heat-sensing element, second, it can only be…

  • 第3項 「相互接続コード」の定義の見方

    相互接続コード࿱アプライアンスの 2 つの部分の間にある外部のフレキシブル コードで、主電源への接続以外の目的で完全なアプライアンスの一部として提供されます接続コードが主電源に接続されていない。これらはアプライアンスの 2 つの部分の間に配置されます。コードは電気エネルギーをある部分から別の部分に伝導できます。相互接続コードの概念は、相互接続コードによって引き起こされる危険を軽減するためにここで定義されます。規格 25.23 および 25.24 では、相互接続コードの要件が規定されています。標準要件の観点から、この規格では主に、機器の外部コード、使用中に発生する可能性のある引っ張り、および電源コードが耐える可能性のあるその他の同様の使用条件が考慮されています。したがって、電源コード以外の外部からアクセス可能なコードのほとんどは相互接続コードとみなすことができます。注1は代表的な例です。 床置き型ミストファンは下図のように、上図の壁掛け型ミストファンとは構造が異なりますが、機能は同じです。床置き型ミストファンは一体構造ですが、ファンヘッドと下の水タンクを繋ぐコードが外側にあります(コードは真ん中の支柱を通します)。この種の接続については、相互接続コードでもあると著者は考えています。 下図に示すように、分割型壁掛け型エアコン室内機の表示基板と主制御基板間の一般的なリード線です。トップカバーを手で開けばリード線に触れることができますが、通常の使用中はリード線が機器の内部にあるため、相互接続コードとはみなされません。ただし、リードは依然として第 22.8 条の要件を満たす必要があります。 アプライアンスはコード セットによって供給され、パーツ A とパーツ B で構成されます。パーツ B は手持ち式で、相互接続コードによってパーツ A に接続されます。この情報は CTL 決定 OD-5002-F3:2021 に基づいています。 As shown in the figure below, a floor standing mist fan has a different structure from the wall mount mist fan shown in the figure above, but…

  • 第 3 項 – 「クラス 0I アプライアンス」の定義の理解方法

    クラス 0I 機器:全体に少なくとも基礎絶縁があり、接地端子が組み込まれているが、接地線のない電源コードと接地接点のないプラグを備えた機器 機器には外部保護導体(保護接地導体)を接続するための端子がありますが、固定配線には機器と保護導体を接続するための電線がなく、機器内部に接地導通を伝えるための配線や構造が設けられている場合があります。 日本では、以下のようなクラス0I機器専用のプラグがあります。 私の理解では、現在、クラス 0I 機器を使用しているのは日本だけです。通常、電源コードにはアース線が付いていますが、プラグ内のアースピンによってアースは行われません。代わりに、ツールを使用して別の端子または接地リングを接続し、効果的な接地を実現します。同様に、アプライアンスにもアース端子があります。設置前、この端子は外部配線に接続されておらず、通常は使用中および設置中に接続されます。