How are the creepage distances and electrical clearances of PTC heating element surfaces determined?

We are discussing here the second structure of the PTC heating element, PTC heating element structure please refer to the explanation of its definition.

figure 1
figure 2

How is the creepage distance of the functional insulation at the location of the red circle in Figure 1 determined?
We all know that NOTE 1 of TABLE 18 section has the following requirements.
NOTE 1 For PTC heating elements, the creepage distances over the surface of the PTC material need not be greater than the associated clearance for working voltages less than 250 V and for pollution degrees 1 and 2. However, the creepage distances between terminations are those specified in the table.
In the first case, the heating units are fixed by means of a conductive adhesive and a heat sink, with some gaps between the heating units, but all the gaps are filled with an insulating adhesive.
As shown in Fig. 2, the heatsinks connected to the fire wire and the heatsinks connected to the zero wire are functionally insulated by means of an insulating structure filled with adhesive, whereby the electrical gaps and creepage distances are formed by the upper surface of the insulating adhesive. Since the environment in which the PTC heating elements are located is of pollution class III, then NOTE 1 of the TABLE 18 section does not apply. Therefore, the requirement for creepage distance is 3.2 mm if it is determined according to the 250 V operating voltage, but of course, we need to use the interpolation method to calculate the creepage distance limit at the rated voltage. Usually, the gap between the two heat sinks is about 2.4mm, then its resulting creepage distance and electrical clearance is generally 2.4mm, the smarter approach is to raise the gap on the insulating adhesive, made into a curved projection, which lengthens the creepage distance and electrical clearance.

The second case, the heating unit through the conductive glue and heat sinks are fixed, leaving a certain gap between the heating unit, but the surface of the heating unit are attached to the insulating adhesive.
And the requirements of the first case is the same, just the middle of the gap if you increase the creepage distance of the problem. In fact, it is not difficult to think of, can be in the middle of the gap near the location of the heating unit to increase the glue, glue can not be laid flat on the side of the heating unit, need to be laid into a U-shaped. Of course, this process is more difficult to realize, not recommended.

In the third case, the heating unit is only fixed by the conductive glue and the heat sink for sticking, and there is a gap between multiple heating units. See Figure 1, the upper left corner of the component. There is no insulating glue attached between the heat generating units or on the surface.
The electrical gap is present in the gaps. What is in dispute here is how to determine the creepage distance. According to conventional logic, there is no creepage distance. According to the definition of creepage distance, creepage distance is in the surface of the insulating material trip, two heat sinks between the heating unit is not an insulating material, so its surface can not form a creepage distance path. Since no creepage distance can be formed, the prerequisite of clause 29.2.4 is not satisfied, and therefore there is no need to assess the creepage distance of functional insulation.

However, I personally still believe that we need to consider creepage distances, because the existence of creepage distances also takes into account the deposition of contaminants on the surface of a material, which can lead to short circuits. Here the PTC heating element generally work in Pollution degree 3, the surface must be for the accumulation of a lot of pollutants, pollutants, if too much, will lead to functional insulation short-circuit, resulting in appliances or power supply lines in the protective device action. This is in fact a less safe means, and the standard does not allow for the operation of protective devices in the supply line.

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    āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ„āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđƒāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĒāđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒ āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļˆāļēāļāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆ 4 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļĄāļĩāļ„āļģāļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨāļāđ‡āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™ āļĄāļąāļāļˆāļ°āļĨāđ‰āļēāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩ āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĄāļąāļāļˆāļ°āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āļŠāļēāļĒāđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ”āļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļšāļĢāļĢāļĨāļļ āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļšāļąāļŠāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ‚āļ•āļ„āļ­āļĨāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļšāļąāļŠ 485 āļ„āļ§āļĢāļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļ•āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļģāļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđāļ•āļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ āļēāļ„āļŠāļ™āļēāļĄ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ āļēāļ„āļŠāļ™āļēāļĄ āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļ•āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ„āļāļĨ āļ•āļąāļ§āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļ•āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļ‰āļēāļāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļĩāđ‚āļĄāļ—āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĨ WIFI āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļ”āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđ‚āļ•āļ„āļ­āļĨāļšāļąāļŠ 485 (āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļāļĨāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāļžāļēāļ“āļīāļŠāļĒāđŒāļšāļēāļ‡āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡) āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĢāļĩāđ‚āļĄāļ—āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĨāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ āļĢāļĩāđ‚āļĄāļ—āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĨāđāļšāļšāļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ„āļāļĨ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĢāļĩāđ‚āļĄāļ—āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĨāđāļšāļšāļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ”āļđāļ›āļāļīāļāļīāļĢāļīāļĒāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļĩāđ‚āļĄāļ—āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĨāđāļšāļšāļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļšāļšāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĨāđ„āļ—āļĄāđŒ āļŦāļēāļāļĢāļĩāđ‚āļĄāļ—āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĨāđāļšāļšāļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļšāļąāļŠ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļīāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļˆāļ°āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĢāđ‡āļˆāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļšāļąāļŠāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļīāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļˆāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āđāļĒāļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŦāļēāļāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢ āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļšāļąāļŠ āļˆāļēāļāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āļˆāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ„āļāļĨāđāļšāļšāļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡āļ­āļļāļ›āļāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļŠāļĢāđ‡āļˆāļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļŠāļļāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ„āļāļĨ āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡: āļĢāļĩāđ‚āļĄāļ—āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĨāđāļšāļšāļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ”āļēāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ„āļāļĨ āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ•āļąāļ§āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđāļšāļšāļĢāļ§āļĄāļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāđƒāļ™āļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ§āļēāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļēāļ„āļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āļœāđˆāļēāļ™ WIFI āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āļ­āļīāļ™āļŸāļĢāļēāđ€āļĢāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđƒāļ”āđ† āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļŦāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļ™āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ„āļāļĨ Commonly used infrared remote controls…