How are the creepage distances and electrical clearances of PTC heating element surfaces determined?

We are discussing here the second structure of the PTC heating element, PTC heating element structure please refer to the explanation of its definition.

figure 1
figure 2

How is the creepage distance of the functional insulation at the location of the red circle in Figure 1 determined?
We all know that NOTE 1 of TABLE 18 section has the following requirements.
NOTE 1 For PTC heating elements, the creepage distances over the surface of the PTC material need not be greater than the associated clearance for working voltages less than 250 V and for pollution degrees 1 and 2. However, the creepage distances between terminations are those specified in the table.
In the first case, the heating units are fixed by means of a conductive adhesive and a heat sink, with some gaps between the heating units, but all the gaps are filled with an insulating adhesive.
As shown in Fig. 2, the heatsinks connected to the fire wire and the heatsinks connected to the zero wire are functionally insulated by means of an insulating structure filled with adhesive, whereby the electrical gaps and creepage distances are formed by the upper surface of the insulating adhesive. Since the environment in which the PTC heating elements are located is of pollution class III, then NOTE 1 of the TABLE 18 section does not apply. Therefore, the requirement for creepage distance is 3.2 mm if it is determined according to the 250 V operating voltage, but of course, we need to use the interpolation method to calculate the creepage distance limit at the rated voltage. Usually, the gap between the two heat sinks is about 2.4mm, then its resulting creepage distance and electrical clearance is generally 2.4mm, the smarter approach is to raise the gap on the insulating adhesive, made into a curved projection, which lengthens the creepage distance and electrical clearance.

The second case, the heating unit through the conductive glue and heat sinks are fixed, leaving a certain gap between the heating unit, but the surface of the heating unit are attached to the insulating adhesive.
And the requirements of the first case is the same, just the middle of the gap if you increase the creepage distance of the problem. In fact, it is not difficult to think of, can be in the middle of the gap near the location of the heating unit to increase the glue, glue can not be laid flat on the side of the heating unit, need to be laid into a U-shaped. Of course, this process is more difficult to realize, not recommended.

In the third case, the heating unit is only fixed by the conductive glue and the heat sink for sticking, and there is a gap between multiple heating units. See Figure 1, the upper left corner of the component. There is no insulating glue attached between the heat generating units or on the surface.
The electrical gap is present in the gaps. What is in dispute here is how to determine the creepage distance. According to conventional logic, there is no creepage distance. According to the definition of creepage distance, creepage distance is in the surface of the insulating material trip, two heat sinks between the heating unit is not an insulating material, so its surface can not form a creepage distance path. Since no creepage distance can be formed, the prerequisite of clause 29.2.4 is not satisfied, and therefore there is no need to assess the creepage distance of functional insulation.

However, I personally still believe that we need to consider creepage distances, because the existence of creepage distances also takes into account the deposition of contaminants on the surface of a material, which can lead to short circuits. Here the PTC heating element generally work in Pollution degree 3, the surface must be for the accumulation of a lot of pollutants, pollutants, if too much, will lead to functional insulation short-circuit, resulting in appliances or power supply lines in the protective device action. This is in fact a less safe means, and the standard does not allow for the operation of protective devices in the supply line.

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    āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļ™āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— X: āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĒāđ„āļŸāđ€āļŠāļĢāđ‡āļˆāļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒāđƒāļ™āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđ„āļ§āđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāđ„āļŸāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļąāļĄāļœāļąāļŠāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđƒāļ”āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāđāļœāļ‡āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ§āļ•āđˆāļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™ āļŠāļāļĢāļđāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļķāļ”āļŠāļēāļĒāđ„āļŸāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļāļĢāļđāļŦāļąāļ§āđāļ‰āļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāļąāļ§āđāļšāļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ”āļē āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāđ„āļŸāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļŠāļēāļĒāđ„āļŸāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ„āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļāļēāļĢāđāļ™āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— Y: āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāđ„āļŸ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļķāļ”āļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŠāļāļĢāļđāļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļŠāļāļĢāļđāļŦāļāđ€āļŦāļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĄ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļ”āđāļ—āļ™āļ­āļēāļˆāļŠāļąāļĄāļœāļąāļŠāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļˆāļ°āļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŦāļēāļāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāđāļ™āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— Y āđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāđ„āļŸ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ›āļāļ•āļīāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āļŠāļāļĢāļđāļĒāļķāļ”āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļāļĢāļđāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ”āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļ•āđˆāļŦāļēāļāļŠāļąāļĄāļœāļąāļŠāļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļąāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĒāđ„āļŸ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļˆāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļ™āļšāļĄāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— Y āđ„āļŸāļĨāđŒāđāļ™āļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— Z āļ”āļđāļ„āļģāļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđƒāļ™ 3.2.6. type Z attachment, see the explanation and examples in 3.2.6.

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    self-resetting thermal cut-out: thermal cut-out that automatically restores the current after the relevant part of the appliance has cooled down sufficiently In the definition there is a clear mention, when the temperature is cooled to a certain degree, in fact, its intention is to control the temperature is not too high, when the temperature is…

  • āļ‚āđ‰āļ­ 3 – āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāļ„āļģāļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ “āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ­āļąāļ™āļ”āļąā

    āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļ āļŦāļēāļāđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļē āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™â€“ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™ āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļˆāļēāļāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ„āļŸāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđāļĨāļ°āđāļĢāļ‡āļ”āļąāļ™āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”– āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĄāļ­āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđāļšāļšāļĢāļ§āļĄ āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ§āļąāļ”āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđāļĢāļ‡āļ”āļąāļ™āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ›āļāļ•āļī āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļŠāļ­āļ”āļ„āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ” āđāļĨāļ°āļ–āļđāļāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļ™āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ” āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļĄāļĩāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāđ‚āļŦāļĨāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ„āļļāļ“āļˆāļķāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ“āļīāļ•āļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ•āļĢāļ‡ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļšāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļēāļĢ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđāļĢāļ‡āļ”āļąāļ™āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ” (P = U/I) āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ­āļ‡ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđˆāđ‚āļŦāļĨāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāļđāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“ P = U/I āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļĨāļĨāļąāļžāļ˜āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ āļĄāļĩāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ„āđˆāļēāļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļĄāļĩāļšāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĄāļ­āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļĄāļĩāļ›āđ‰āļēāļĒāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļžāļīāļāļąāļ”āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđƒāļ™āļ›āđ‰āļēāļĒāļžāļīāļāļąāļ” āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ•āļđāđ‰āđ€āļĒāđ‡āļ™ āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ„āļŸāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļžāļīāļāļąāļ”āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāđ„āļŸāļžāļīāļāļąāļ”āļšāļ™āļ›āđ‰āļēāļĒāļžāļīāļāļąāļ” āļ‰āļĨāļēāļāļˆāļąāļ”āļ­āļąāļ™āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļđāđ‰āđ€āļĒāđ‡āļ™ āļ›āđ‰āļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļ•āļ•āļīāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļēāļāļēāļĻ rating label for air conditioner

  • Clause 3 – How to understand the definition of “built-in appliance”

    built-in appliance: fixed appliance intended to be installed in a cabinet, in a prepared recess in a wall or in a similar location. Here, because the appliance must be installed in a reserved position (usually a cubic space with only one side open), it is a fixed installation and can be regarded as a fixed…

  • āļ‚āđ‰āļ­ 3 – āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāļ„āļģāļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ â€œāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ™āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™â€ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢ

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